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* Coherent.js Forms - validation rules
*
* The single `validators` registry behind `@coherent.js/forms`,
* `@coherent.js/forms/validation` and `@coherent.js/forms/validators`.
* Internal: import it through one of those entry points.
*
* ## Calling convention
*
* A **validator** is `(value, formData) => string | null`: an error message,
* or `null` when the value passes. Schemas, `validateField`, `validateForm`,
* `FormBuilder` fields and `hydrateForm` all run validators this way.
*
* Each built-in is a **factory** that returns a validator:
*
* validators.required() validators.required('Required!')
* validators.minLength(8) validators.minLength(8, 'Too short')
*
* A built-in may also be listed without calling it (`[validators.required]`);
* runners call the factory with its defaults first. A string names a built-in
* or registered validator, and a built-in's name may carry its arguments:
* `'minLength:8'` is `validators.minLength(8)` (see argsFromString).
*
* For backward compatibility a built-in can still be called **directly** with
* a value and an options object, returning the error or `null`:
*
* validators.minLength('abc', { min: 5 }) // 'Minimum length is 5'
* validators.email(null) // null
*
* A lone argument that could be a message — a non-empty string, `undefined`
* or `null` — is always read as a factory call, so `validators.email('a@b.c')`
* returns a validator; call `validators.email('a@b.c', {})` (or
* `validators.email()('a@b.c')`) to check a value directly.
*
* @module forms/rules
*/
import { isEmailShaped } from './patterns.js';
/** Built-in factories, so runners can tell them from plain validators. */
const BUILTIN = Symbol('coherent.forms.builtin');
/**
* Validators whose origin is known, so the form builder can describe them to
* the client: validator → `{ name, args }`.
*/
const DESCRIPTORS = new WeakMap();
/** Names on `validators` that are helpers, not validation rules. */
const HELPER_NAMES = new Set(['get', 'compose', 'debounce', 'cancellable', 'when', 'chain']);
const isEmpty = value => value === null || value === undefined || value === '';
const isOptionsObject = value =>
value !== null &&
typeof value === 'object' &&
!Array.isArray(value) &&
!(value instanceof RegExp);
/**
* Factory arguments for the text after the colon of a `'name:…'` string
* entry, or `null` when it does not fit the rule.
*
* - No parameter (`required`, `email`, …): the text is the message —
* `'required:Please enter your name'`.
* - `'list'` (`oneOf`, `fileType`, `fileExtension`): every comma-separated
* value goes into the one array parameter — `'oneOf:red,green,blue'`.
* - `'regexp'` (`pattern`): the whole text is the regular expression source,
* commas included — `'pattern:^[a-z]{2,8}$'`.
* - Otherwise the text up to the first comma is the parameter (a number for
* `'number'`, so `'minLength:abc'` is rejected) and the rest, commas
* included, is the message — `'minLength:8,Use at least 8 characters'`.
*
* @param {Array} params - The rule's factory parameters
* @param {'string'|'number'|'list'|'regexp'} kind - How the text supplies them
* @param {string|undefined} text - Text after the colon (`undefined`: none)
* @returns {Array|null}
*/
function argsFromString(params, kind, text) {
if (text === undefined || text.trim() === '') return [];
if (params.length === 0) return [text.trim()];
if (kind === 'list') {
return [text.split(',').map(part => part.trim()).filter(Boolean)];
}
if (kind === 'regexp') {
try {
return [new RegExp(text)];
} catch {
return null;
}
}
const comma = text.indexOf(',');
const raw = (comma === -1 ? text : text.slice(0, comma)).trim();
const message = comma === -1 ? '' : text.slice(comma + 1).trim();
let arg = raw;
if (kind === 'number') {
arg = Number(raw);
if (raw === '' || Number.isNaN(arg)) return null;
}
return message ? [arg, message] : [arg];
}
/**
* Define a built-in rule.
*
* @param {string} name - Registry name
* @param {Object} spec
* @param {Array<[string, ...string[]]>} [spec.params] - Factory parameters, in
* order, each as `[configKey, ...optionAliases]` for direct calls
* @param {'string'|'number'|'list'|'regexp'} [spec.stringArg] - How the
* `'name:…'` string form supplies the parameter (see argsFromString)
* @param {(value: unknown, config: Object, formData: Object) => boolean} spec.valid
* @param {(config: Object) => string} spec.message - Default error message
*/
function defineRule(name, { params = [], stringArg = 'string', valid, message }) {
const fromOptions = (options = {}) => {
const config = { message: options.message };
for (const [key, ...aliases] of params) {
config[key] = [key, ...aliases].map(alias => options[alias]).find(v => v !== undefined);
}
return config;
};
const check = (value, config, formData) => {
if (valid(value, config, formData || {})) return null;
return config.message || builtin.message || message(config);
};
const factory = (...args) => {
const config = { message: args[params.length] };
params.forEach(([key], index) => { config[key] = args[index]; });
// Also accepts the (value, options, translator, allValues) arguments of
// the older direct convention, so it composes with either.
const rule = (value, formData, _translator, allValues) =>
check(value, config, allValues ?? formData);
DESCRIPTORS.set(rule, { name, args });
return rule;
};
// Direct calls pass a value plus an options object. Anything else is a
// factory call, including `required(undefined)` (a message that happens to
// be missing) — only an explicit options object, or a lone argument that
// cannot be a message, selects the direct form.
const isDirectCall = (args) => {
if (args.length >= 2) {
return params.length === 0 || isOptionsObject(args[1]);
}
if (args.length === 1 && params.length === 0) {
const [arg] = args;
return arg === '' || (arg !== undefined && arg !== null && typeof arg !== 'string');
}
return false;
};
function builtin(...args) {
if (isDirectCall(args)) {
const [value, options, , allValues] = args;
return check(value, fromOptions(isOptionsObject(options) ? options : {}), allValues);
}
return factory(...args);
}
Object.defineProperty(builtin, 'name', { value: name });
builtin[BUILTIN] = {
name,
factory,
argsFromString: (text) => argsFromString(params, stringArg, text)
};
return builtin;
}
const toNumber = value => (typeof value === 'number' ? value : Number(value));
function testRegExp(regex, value) {
Iif (!(regex instanceof RegExp)) return true;
// A /g or /y regex keeps lastIndex between calls; always test from the start.
regex.lastIndex = 0;
return regex.test(String(value));
}
function fileMatchesType(file, allowedTypes) {
const fileType = file.type;
const fileExt = file.name ? file.name.split('.').pop().toLowerCase() : '';
return allowedTypes.some(type => {
Iif (type.startsWith('.')) {
return fileExt === type.slice(1).toLowerCase();
}
Eif (type.includes('/')) {
Eif (type.endsWith('/*')) {
return fileType.startsWith(type.replace('/*', '/'));
}
return fileType === type;
}
return fileExt === type.toLowerCase();
});
}
/**
* Built-in validators and helpers. See the module comment for the calling
* convention.
*/
export const validators = {
required: defineRule('required', {
valid: value => !isEmpty(value),
message: () => 'This field is required'
}),
email: defineRule('email', {
valid: value => isEmpty(value) || isEmailShaped(value),
message: () => 'Invalid email address'
}),
url: defineRule('url', {
valid: (value) => {
Iif (isEmpty(value)) return true;
try {
new URL(value);
return true;
} catch {
return false;
}
},
message: () => 'Invalid URL'
}),
minLength: defineRule('minLength', {
params: [['min', 'minLength']],
stringArg: 'number',
valid: (value, { min }) => !value || !(value.length < (min ?? 0)),
message: ({ min }) => `Minimum length is ${min}`
}),
maxLength: defineRule('maxLength', {
params: [['max', 'maxLength']],
stringArg: 'number',
valid: (value, { max }) => !value || !(value.length > (max ?? Infinity)),
message: ({ max }) => `Maximum length is ${max}`
}),
// Empty values pass (combine with `required`); a non-numeric value fails.
min: defineRule('min', {
params: [['min']],
stringArg: 'number',
valid: (value, { min }) => {
if (isEmpty(value)) return true;
const number = toNumber(value);
return !Number.isNaN(number) && !(number < (min ?? -Infinity));
},
message: ({ min }) => `Minimum value is ${min}`
}),
max: defineRule('max', {
params: [['max']],
stringArg: 'number',
valid: (value, { max }) => {
Iif (isEmpty(value)) return true;
const number = toNumber(value);
return !Number.isNaN(number) && !(number > (max ?? Infinity));
},
message: ({ max }) => `Maximum value is ${max}`
}),
pattern: defineRule('pattern', {
params: [['pattern', 'regex']],
stringArg: 'regexp',
valid: (value, { pattern }) => isEmpty(value) || testRegExp(pattern, value),
message: () => 'Invalid format'
}),
/** Equal to another field, even when empty */
matches: defineRule('matches', {
params: [['field', 'fieldName']],
valid: (value, { field }, formData) => value === formData[field],
message: () => 'Fields do not match'
}),
/** Equal to another field; an empty value passes */
match: defineRule('match', {
params: [['field', 'fieldName']],
valid: (value, { field }, formData) => !value || value === formData[field],
message: ({ field }) => `Must match ${field}`
}),
oneOf: defineRule('oneOf', {
params: [['options', 'values']],
stringArg: 'list',
valid: (value, { options }) => !value || !Array.isArray(options) || options.includes(value),
message: () => 'Invalid option'
}),
custom: defineRule('custom', {
params: [['validator', 'fn']],
valid: (value, { validator }, formData) =>
typeof validator !== 'function' || Boolean(validator(value, formData)),
message: () => 'Validation failed'
}),
number: defineRule('number', {
valid: value => isEmpty(value) || !Number.isNaN(Number(value)),
message: () => 'Must be a valid number'
}),
integer: defineRule('integer', {
valid: value => isEmpty(value) || Number.isInteger(Number(value)),
message: () => 'Must be a whole number'
}),
phone: defineRule('phone', {
valid: value => !value || (/^[\d\s\-+()]+$/.test(value) && value.replace(/\D/g, '').length >= 10),
message: () => 'Please enter a valid phone number'
}),
date: defineRule('date', {
valid: value => !value || !Number.isNaN(new Date(value).getTime()),
message: () => 'Please enter a valid date'
}),
alpha: defineRule('alpha', {
valid: value => !value || /^[a-zA-Z]+$/.test(value),
message: () => 'Must contain only letters'
}),
alphanumeric: defineRule('alphanumeric', {
valid: value => !value || /^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/.test(value),
message: () => 'Must contain only letters and numbers'
}),
uppercase: defineRule('uppercase', {
valid: value => !value || value === String(value).toUpperCase(),
message: () => 'Must be uppercase'
}),
fileType: defineRule('fileType', {
params: [['accept', 'types']],
stringArg: 'list',
valid: (value, { accept }) =>
!value || value.type === undefined || fileMatchesType(value, accept || []),
message: ({ accept }) => `File type must be one of: ${(accept || []).join(', ')}`
}),
fileSize: defineRule('fileSize', {
params: [['maxSize']],
stringArg: 'number',
valid: (value, { maxSize }) =>
!value || value.size === undefined || !(value.size > (maxSize ?? Infinity)),
message: ({ maxSize }) => `File size must be less than ${((maxSize ?? Infinity) / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(2)}MB`
}),
fileExtension: defineRule('fileExtension', {
params: [['extensions']],
stringArg: 'list',
valid: (value, { extensions }) => {
Iif (!value) return true;
const fileName = value.name || value;
const ext = `.${String(fileName).split('.').pop().toLowerCase()}`;
return (extensions || []).some(allowed => ext === allowed.toLowerCase());
},
message: ({ extensions }) => `File extension must be one of: ${(extensions || []).join(', ')}`
}),
/** A registered validator or built-in by name */
get: (name) => (Object.hasOwn(validators, name) ? validators[name] : undefined),
/** Combine validators into one returning the first error */
compose: (validatorList) => {
const rules = validatorList.map(resolveValidator);
return (value, options, translator, allValues) => {
for (const rule of rules) {
const error = rule ? rule(value, options, translator, allValues) : null;
if (error) {
return error;
}
}
return null;
};
},
/** Debounce an async validator */
debounce: (validator, delay = 300) => {
let timeoutId;
return (value) => {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
clearTimeout(timeoutId);
timeoutId = setTimeout(async () => {
const result = await validator(value);
resolve(result);
}, delay);
});
};
},
/** Cancellable async validator */
cancellable: (validator) => {
let abortController;
const wrapped = async (value) => {
Iif (abortController) {
abortController.abort();
}
// AbortController is a global browser/Node.js API
abortController = typeof AbortController !== 'undefined' ? new AbortController() : null;
try {
return await validator(value, abortController ? abortController.signal : null);
} catch (error) {
Iif (error.name === 'AbortError') {
return null;
}
throw error;
}
};
wrapped.cancel = () => {
Eif (abortController) {
abortController.abort();
}
};
return wrapped;
},
/** Run `validator` only when `condition` holds */
when: (condition, validator) => {
const rule = resolveValidator(validator);
return (value, options = {}, translator, allValues = {}) => {
// Pass options as context if it looks like context (has non-validator properties)
const context = options.min !== undefined || options.max !== undefined ? allValues : options;
const shouldValidate = typeof condition === 'function'
? condition(value, context)
: condition;
if (!shouldValidate) {
return null;
}
return rule ? rule(value, options, translator, allValues) : null;
};
},
/** Validator chain builder */
chain: (options = {}) => {
const validatorList = [];
const stopOnFirstError = options.stopOnFirstError !== false;
const direct = name => (opts) => {
validatorList.push((v, o, t, a) => validators[name](v, opts || o || {}, t, a));
return chain;
};
const chain = {
required: direct('required'),
email: direct('email'),
minLength: direct('minLength'),
maxLength: direct('maxLength'),
custom: (fn, message) => {
validatorList.push((v, o, t, a) => {
// Custom validator returns null if valid, message if invalid
const result = fn(v, a);
return result === null || result === true || result === undefined ? null : (message || result);
});
return chain;
},
validate: (value, opts, translator, allValues) => {
if (stopOnFirstError) {
// Stop on first error - return single error or null
for (const validator of validatorList) {
const error = validator(value, opts, translator, allValues);
if (error) {
return error;
}
}
return null;
}
// Collect all errors - return array or null
const errors = [];
for (const validator of validatorList) {
const error = validator(value, opts, translator, allValues);
Eif (error) {
errors.push(error);
}
}
return errors.length > 0 ? errors : null;
}
};
return chain;
}
};
/** The registry entry named `name`, if it is a validator (not a helper). */
function lookup(name) {
const found = Object.hasOwn(validators, name) && !HELPER_NAMES.has(name)
? validators[name]
: null;
return typeof found === 'function' ? found : null;
}
/**
* Resolve a string entry: `'required'`, or `'name:arg1,arg2'` for a built-in
* with arguments (`'minLength:8'`, `'oneOf:a,b,c'`, `'pattern:^\\d+$'`; see
* argsFromString). A registered validator is named without arguments.
*
* @param {string} entry
* @returns {{ name: string, args: Array, validator: Function }|null} `null`
* for an unknown name or arguments that do not fit the rule
*/
function resolveString(entry) {
// An exact registry name wins, so a validator registered under a name that
// contains a colon still resolves.
const exact = lookup(entry);
const colon = exact ? -1 : entry.indexOf(':');
const name = colon === -1 ? entry : entry.slice(0, colon).trim();
const found = exact ?? lookup(name);
if (!found) return null;
const text = colon === -1 ? undefined : entry.slice(colon + 1);
if (!found[BUILTIN]) {
return text === undefined ? { name, args: [], validator: found } : null;
}
const args = found[BUILTIN].argsFromString(text);
if (!args) return null;
return { name: found[BUILTIN].name, args, validator: found[BUILTIN].factory(...args) };
}
/**
* Turn a schema entry into a validator: a built-in factory listed without
* calling it (`validators.required`) is called with its defaults, a string
* names a built-in or registered validator (`'required'`, or a built-in with
* arguments: `'minLength:8'`), a function is used as is. Anything else — an
* unknown name, or arguments that do not fit (`'minLength:abc'`) — is `null`
* (skipped).
*
* @param {unknown} entry
* @returns {Function|null}
*/
export function resolveValidator(entry) {
if (typeof entry === 'string') {
return resolveString(entry)?.validator ?? null;
}
Iif (typeof entry !== 'function') return null;
return entry[BUILTIN] ? entry[BUILTIN].factory() : entry;
}
/**
* Run validators against one value; the first error wins.
*/
export function validateField(value, validatorList, formData = {}) {
const list = Array.isArray(validatorList) ? validatorList : [validatorList];
for (const entry of list) {
const validator = resolveValidator(entry);
const error = validator ? validator(value, formData) : null;
if (error) {
return error;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Validate a whole form: `{ field: [validators] }`. Returns the first error
* per failing field, or `null` when everything passes.
*/
export function validateForm(formData, fieldValidators) {
const errors = {};
for (const [fieldName, validatorList] of Object.entries(fieldValidators)) {
const value = formData[fieldName];
const error = validateField(value, validatorList, formData);
if (error) {
errors[fieldName] = error;
}
}
return Object.keys(errors).length > 0 ? errors : null;
}
/**
* Wrap a check function as a validator: a string result is the error, any
* other truthy result becomes `message`, a falsy one passes.
*/
export function wrapValidator(validatorFn, message) {
return (value, options, translator, allValues) => {
const result = validatorFn(value, options, translator, allValues);
// If validator returns a string, use it as the error message
if (typeof result === 'string') {
return result;
}
// If validator returns falsy (null, false, undefined), no error
if (!result) {
return null;
}
// If validator returns truthy (true, object, etc), use provided message
return message || 'Validation failed';
};
}
/**
* Register a validator under `name`. It is stored as is (not as a factory),
* so list it as `validators[name]`. Registered validators are described to
* the client by name, so `hydrateForm` enforces them when the same name is
* registered in the browser.
*/
export function registerValidator(name, validatorFn) {
validators[name] = validatorFn;
Eif (typeof validatorFn === 'function' && !validatorFn[BUILTIN]) {
DESCRIPTORS.set(validatorFn, { name, args: [] });
}
}
/**
* Compose multiple validators
*/
export function composeValidators(...validatorFns) {
return validators.compose(validatorFns);
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Server → client description (`data-validators`)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
/** JSON cannot hold a RegExp; tag it so the client can rebuild it. */
function serializeArg(arg) {
if (arg instanceof RegExp) return { $regexp: [arg.source, arg.flags] };
return arg;
}
function reviveArg(arg) {
if (isOptionsObject(arg) && Array.isArray(arg.$regexp)) {
try {
return new RegExp(arg.$regexp[0], arg.$regexp[1]);
} catch {
return undefined;
}
}
return arg;
}
/** Whether JSON can carry a factory argument to the client unchanged. */
function isSerializable(arg) {
Iif (arg === undefined || arg === null) return true;
if (arg instanceof RegExp) return true;
Iif (Array.isArray(arg)) return arg.every(isSerializable);
return ['string', 'number', 'boolean'].includes(typeof arg);
}
/**
* Describe a schema entry as `{ name, args }` for the client, or `null` when
* it cannot be rebuilt there (an anonymous function, or a factory argument
* such as a function that JSON cannot carry). Those still run on the server.
*/
export function describeValidator(entry) {
let descriptor;
if (typeof entry === 'string') {
// `'minLength:8'` is described like `validators.minLength(8)`.
descriptor = resolveString(entry);
} else Eif (typeof entry === 'function') {
descriptor = entry[BUILTIN] ? { name: entry[BUILTIN].name, args: [] } : DESCRIPTORS.get(entry);
}
if (!descriptor || !descriptor.args.every(isSerializable)) return null;
// Trailing undefined arguments (an omitted message) are just defaults.
const args = [...descriptor.args];
while (args.length > 0 && args[args.length - 1] === undefined) args.pop();
return { name: descriptor.name, args: args.map(serializeArg) };
}
/**
* Serialize a field's validators for its `data-validators` attribute:
* a JSON array of `{ name, args }`, or `null` when none can be described.
*/
export function serializeValidators(validatorList) {
const specs = (validatorList || []).map(describeValidator).filter(Boolean);
return specs.length > 0 ? JSON.stringify(specs) : null;
}
/**
* Rebuild validators from a `data-validators` attribute. Reads the JSON
* written by {@link serializeValidators}, and the older comma-separated form
* (`required,minLength:8`). Unknown names are skipped.
*/
export function parseValidators(attribute) {
if (!attribute) return [];
const text = String(attribute).trim();
let specs;
if (text.startsWith('[')) {
try {
specs = JSON.parse(text);
} catch {
return [];
}
Iif (!Array.isArray(specs)) return [];
} else {
specs = text.split(',').map((part) => {
const [name, ...params] = part.trim().split(':');
return { name, args: params.map(p => (p !== '' && !Number.isNaN(Number(p)) ? Number(p) : p)) };
});
}
return specs.map((spec) => {
Iif (!spec || typeof spec.name !== 'string') return null;
const { name } = spec;
if (!Object.hasOwn(validators, name) || HELPER_NAMES.has(name)) return null;
const entry = validators[name];
Iif (typeof entry !== 'function') return null;
// Built-ins are rebuilt through their factory, never the direct form.
const args = Array.isArray(spec.args) ? spec.args.map(reviveArg) : [];
return entry[BUILTIN] ? entry[BUILTIN].factory(...args) : entry;
}).filter(Boolean);
}
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