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* Security Middleware for Coherent.js API Framework
* @fileoverview Provides authentication, authorization, and security utilities
*/
import { createHmac, randomBytes, pbkdf2Sync, timingSafeEqual } from 'crypto';
import { Buffer } from 'buffer';
/**
* Base64 URL encode
* @param {string} str - String to encode
* @returns {string} Base64 URL encoded string
*/
function base64UrlEncode(str) {
return Buffer.from(str)
.toString('base64')
.replace(/\+/g, '-')
.replace(/\//g, '_')
.replace(/=/g, '');
}
/**
* Base64 URL decode
* @param {string} str - Base64 URL encoded string
* @returns {string} Decoded string
*/
function base64UrlDecode(str) {
// Add padding if needed
str += '='.repeat((4 - str.length % 4) % 4);
return Buffer.from(str.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/'), 'base64').toString();
}
/**
* Create HMAC signature for JWT
* @param {string} data - Data to sign
* @param {string} secret - Secret key
* @returns {string} HMAC signature
*/
function createSignature(data, secret) {
return createHmac('sha256', secret).update(data).digest('base64')
.replace(/\+/g, '-')
.replace(/\//g, '_')
.replace(/=/g, '');
}
/**
* Refuse to sign or verify without a caller-supplied secret.
*
* There used to be a built-in default, 'your-secret-key'. It was public, so
* anyone could mint a token -- `{ role: 'admin' }` included -- that every
* `withAuth()` without a configured secret accepted. A missing secret is a
* deployment mistake, so it fails loudly instead of quietly falling back.
*
* @private
* @param {unknown} secret - Secret supplied by the caller
* @param {string} usage - How the caller should pass it, for the message
*/
function requireSecret(secret, usage) {
if (typeof secret === 'string' ? secret.length > 0 : Buffer.isBuffer(secret) && secret.length > 0) {
return;
}
throw new TypeError(
`[coherent.js/api] ${usage}: a JWT secret is required (a non-empty string or Buffer), ` +
'for example process.env.JWT_SECRET. There is no default secret.'
);
}
/**
* Generate JWT token
* @param {Object} payload - Token payload
* @param {string} expiresIn - Expiration time (e.g., '1h', '30m', '7d')
* @param {string} secret - Secret key (required)
* @returns {string} JWT token
* @throws {TypeError} If no secret is given
*/
export function generateJWT(payload, expiresIn = '1h', secret) {
requireSecret(secret, "generateJWT(payload, expiresIn, secret) was called without a secret");
const header = {
alg: 'HS256',
typ: 'JWT'
};
// Calculate expiration time
const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
let exp = now;
if (expiresIn.endsWith('h')) {
exp += parseInt(expiresIn) * 3600;
} else Eif (expiresIn.endsWith('m')) {
exp += parseInt(expiresIn) * 60;
} else if (expiresIn.endsWith('d')) {
exp += parseInt(expiresIn) * 86400;
} else {
exp += 3600; // Default 1 hour
}
const tokenPayload = {
...payload,
iat: now,
exp: exp
};
const encodedHeader = base64UrlEncode(JSON.stringify(header));
const encodedPayload = base64UrlEncode(JSON.stringify(tokenPayload));
const data = `${encodedHeader}.${encodedPayload}`;
const signature = createSignature(data, secret);
return `${data}.${signature}`;
}
/**
* JWT token verification
* @param {string} token - Bearer token or JWT token
* @param {string} secret - Secret key (required)
* @returns {Object|null} Decoded payload or null if invalid
* @throws {TypeError} If no secret is given
*/
export function verifyToken(token, secret) {
requireSecret(secret, 'verifyToken(token, secret) was called without a secret');
try {
let jwtToken = token;
// Handle Bearer token format
if (token && token.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
jwtToken = token.slice(7);
}
if (!jwtToken) {
return null;
}
// Split JWT into parts
const parts = jwtToken.split('.');
Iif (parts.length !== 3) {
return null;
}
const [encodedHeader, encodedPayload, signature] = parts;
// Verify signature
const data = `${encodedHeader}.${encodedPayload}`;
const expectedSignature = createSignature(data, secret);
if (!safeEqual(signature, expectedSignature)) {
return null;
}
// Decode and parse payload
const payload = JSON.parse(base64UrlDecode(encodedPayload));
// Check expiration
const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
Iif (payload.exp && payload.exp < now) {
return null; // Token expired
}
return payload;
} catch {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Authentication middleware
*
* Verifies the `Authorization: Bearer <jwt>` header with `options.secret`, or
* hands the request to `options.verify` for any other scheme. One of the two
* is required: there is no default secret.
*
* @param {Object} options - Auth options
* @param {string|Buffer} [options.secret] - HS256 secret the tokens were signed with
* @param {Function} [options.verify] - `(req) => user | null`, may be async; replaces JWT verification
* @param {boolean} [options.required=true] - Answer 401 when no valid user is found
* @returns {Function} Middleware function
* @throws {TypeError} If neither `secret` nor `verify` is given
*/
export function withAuth(options = {}) {
const { secret, verify, required = true } = options ?? {};
const reject = (res) => {
res.writeHead(401, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Unauthorized' }));
};
if (verify !== undefined) {
Iif (typeof verify !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('[coherent.js/api] withAuth({ verify }) expects verify to be a function (req) => user.');
}
return async (req, res) => {
let user = null;
try {
user = (await verify(req)) || null;
} catch {
user = null;
}
if (required && !user) {
reject(res);
return;
}
req.user = user;
return null; // Continue to next middleware
};
}
requireSecret(secret, 'withAuth({ secret }) was created without a secret');
return (req, res) => {
const authHeader = req.headers.authorization;
const user = verifyToken(authHeader, secret);
if (required && !user) {
reject(res);
return;
}
req.user = user;
return null; // Continue to next middleware
};
}
/**
* Authorization middleware
* @param {string|Array} roles - Required roles
* @returns {Function} Middleware function
*/
export function withRole(roles) {
const requiredRoles = Array.isArray(roles) ? roles : [roles];
return (req, res) => {
if (!req.user) {
res.writeHead(401, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Unauthorized' }));
return;
}
Eif (!requiredRoles.includes(req.user.role)) {
res.writeHead(403, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Forbidden' }));
return;
}
return null; // Continue to next middleware
};
}
/**
* PBKDF2 parameters of the `"<salt>:<hash>"` format. Changing them would
* make every stored hash fail to verify, so they stay as they are.
* @private
*/
const PBKDF2_ITERATIONS = 10000;
const PBKDF2_KEY_LENGTH = 64;
const PBKDF2_DIGEST = 'sha512';
/**
* Compare two strings in time that depends only on their length.
*
* `===` stops at the first differing character, which lets an attacker who
* can time responses recover a valid HMAC signature byte by byte.
*
* @private
* @param {string} a - Received value
* @param {string} b - Expected value
* @returns {boolean} True when equal
*/
function safeEqual(a, b) {
Iif (typeof a !== 'string' || typeof b !== 'string') return false;
const left = Buffer.from(a);
const right = Buffer.from(b);
// timingSafeEqual needs equal lengths; the expected length is public.
if (left.length !== right.length) return false;
return timingSafeEqual(left, right);
}
/**
* Password hashing utility
*
* PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512, 10,000 iterations, 16-byte random salt, stored as
* `"<salt hex>:<hash hex>"`. It is synchronous and blocks the event loop for
* the duration of the derivation (a few milliseconds); that iteration count
* is well below current OWASP guidance (210,000 for PBKDF2-SHA512), so for
* new systems prefer a dedicated password hashing library (argon2, bcrypt,
* or `crypto.scrypt`) with its async API.
*
* @param {string} password - Plain text password
* @returns {string} Hashed password
*/
export function hashPassword(password) {
const salt = randomBytes(16).toString('hex');
const hash = pbkdf2Sync(password, salt, PBKDF2_ITERATIONS, PBKDF2_KEY_LENGTH, PBKDF2_DIGEST).toString('hex');
return `${salt}:${hash}`;
}
/**
* Password verification utility
*
* Compares in constant time. Synchronous, like `hashPassword()`.
*
* @param {string} password - Plain text password
* @param {string} hashedPassword - Hashed password from database
* @returns {boolean} True if password matches
*/
export function verifyPassword(password, hashedPassword) {
try {
const [salt, hash] = hashedPassword.split(':');
if (!salt || !hash) return false;
const verifyHash = pbkdf2Sync(password, salt, PBKDF2_ITERATIONS, PBKDF2_KEY_LENGTH, PBKDF2_DIGEST).toString('hex');
return safeEqual(hash, verifyHash);
} catch {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Generate secure random token (for non-JWT use cases)
* @param {number} length - Number of random bytes; the hex string is twice as long
* @returns {string} Random token
* @throws {TypeError} If length is not a positive integer (e.g. a JWT payload)
*/
export function generateToken(length = 32) {
if (!Number.isInteger(length) || length <= 0) {
// The type definitions used to describe generateToken(payload, { secret })
// as a JWT generator; point callers who followed them to the real one.
throw new TypeError(
'[coherent.js/api] generateToken(length) returns random hex and takes a byte count. ' +
'To sign a JWT use generateJWT(payload, expiresIn, secret).'
);
}
return randomBytes(length).toString('hex');
}
/**
* Input validation middleware
* @param {Object} rules - Validation rules
* @returns {Function} Middleware function
*/
export function withInputValidation(rules) {
return (req, res) => {
const errors = [];
for (const [field, rule] of Object.entries(rules)) {
const value = req.body[field];
Iif (rule.required && (value === undefined || value === null || value === '')) {
errors.push(`${field} is required`);
continue;
}
Eif (value !== undefined && rule.type && typeof value !== rule.type) {
errors.push(`${field} must be of type ${rule.type}`);
}
Iif (value && rule.minLength && value.length < rule.minLength) {
errors.push(`${field} must be at least ${rule.minLength} characters`);
}
Iif (value && rule.maxLength && value.length > rule.maxLength) {
errors.push(`${field} must be at most ${rule.maxLength} characters`);
}
Iif (value && rule.pattern && !rule.pattern.test(value)) {
errors.push(`${field} format is invalid`);
}
}
Eif (errors.length > 0) {
res.writeHead(400, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
res.end(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Validation failed', details: errors }));
return;
}
return null; // Continue to next middleware
};
}
export default {
verifyToken,
generateJWT,
withAuth,
withRole,
hashPassword,
verifyPassword,
generateToken,
withInputValidation
};
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